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30 Simple Japanese Sentences for Beginners

Building sentences is where Japanese really clicks. Once you stop thinking word-by-word and start feeling how sentences flow, everything speeds up. These 30 sentences cover the situations you'll actually run into, and each one comes with a breakdown so you understand what you're actually saying, not just memorizing sounds.

How Japanese Sentences Work

Japanese follows a Subject-Object-Verb order, which is different from English Subject-Verb-Object. So instead of "I eat sushi," you'd say "I sushi eat" (私は寿司を食べます). The verb always comes last. This takes some getting used to, but once it clicks, constructing sentences becomes very predictable. Japanese also uses particles, small words that attach to nouns to show their role in the sentence. は (wa) marks the topic, を (wo) marks the direct object, に (ni) marks direction or location, and で (de) marks where an action happens. You'll see all of these in the sentences below.

Introductions

These are the sentences you'll use the first time you meet someone. Japanese introductions follow a pretty set script, so learning these well will carry you a long way.

私の名前は田中です。わたしのなまえはたなかです。
Watashi no namae wa Tanaka desu.My name is Tanaka.
はじめまして。はじめまして。
Hajimemashite.Nice to meet you. (First time meeting)
よろしくお願いします。よろしくおねがいします。
Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.I look forward to working with you. / Please be kind to me.
私はアメリカ人です。わたしはアメリカじんです。
Watashi wa Amerikajin desu.I am American.
日本語を勉強しています。にほんごをべんきょうしています。
Nihongo wo benkyou shite imasu.I am studying Japanese.
お名前は何ですか?おなまえはなんですか?
O-namae wa nan desu ka?What is your name?

Daily Life

These sentences cover the everyday situations you'll encounter. At a convenience store, on the train, talking to coworkers. Practical stuff that comes up constantly.

今日は天気がいいですね。きょうはてんきがいいですね。
Kyou wa tenki ga ii desu ne.The weather is nice today, isn't it?
お腹が空きました。おなかがすきました。
Onaka ga sukimashita.I'm hungry.
電車で来ました。でんしゃできました。
Densha de kimashita.I came by train.
仕事は何時に終わりますか?しごとはなんじにおわりますか?
Shigoto wa nanji ni owarimasu ka?What time does work end?
毎朝コーヒーを飲みます。まいあさコーヒーをのみます。
Mai asa koohii wo nomimasu.I drink coffee every morning.
今日は忙しいです。きょうはいそがしいです。
Kyou wa isogashii desu.I'm busy today.
もう帰ります。もうかえります。
Mou kaerimasu.I'm heading home now.

Asking Questions

Questions in Japanese are formed by adding か (ka) to the end of a statement. The intonation stays pretty flat, unlike English where your voice rises. These are the questions you'll ask most often.

これはいくらですか?これはいくらですか?
Kore wa ikura desu ka?How much is this?
トイレはどこですか?トイレはどこですか?
Toire wa doko desu ka?Where is the bathroom?
英語が話せますか?えいごがはなせますか?
Eigo ga hanasemasu ka?Can you speak English?
何時ですか?なんじですか?
Nanji desu ka?What time is it?
これは何ですか?これはなんですか?
Kore wa nan desu ka?What is this?
どこから来ましたか?どこからきましたか?
Doko kara kimashita ka?Where are you from?

Expressing Feelings

Talking about how you feel is important, and Japanese has a rich set of expressions for this. Note that expressing strong feelings directly can sometimes feel blunt in Japanese culture, so these are all phrased in a natural, conversational way.

楽しかったです。たのしかったです。
Tanoshikatta desu.It was fun.
少し疲れました。すこしつかれました。
Sukoshi tsukaremashita.I'm a little tired.
大丈夫ですか?だいじょうぶですか?
Daijoubu desu ka?Are you okay?
ありがとうございます。ありがとうございます。
Arigatou gozaimasu.Thank you very much.
すみません、ごめんなさい。すみません、ごめんなさい。
Sumimasen, gomen nasai.Excuse me, I'm sorry.
本当に嬉しいです。ほんとうにうれしいです。
Hontou ni ureshii desu.I'm really happy.

Making Plans

These sentences are for coordinating with people, whether you're grabbing lunch or making weekend plans. The て-form of verbs is your friend here for connecting actions together.

一緒に行きましょう。いっしょにいきましょう。
Issho ni ikimashou.Let's go together.
明日は暇ですか?あしたはひまですか?
Ashita wa hima desu ka?Are you free tomorrow?
何時に会いましょうか?なんじにあいましょうか?
Nanji ni aimashou ka?What time shall we meet?
駅で待っています。えきでまっています。
Eki de matte imasu.I'll be waiting at the station.
ランチを食べに行きませんか?ランチをたべにいきませんか?
Ranchi wo tabe ni ikimasen ka?Want to go get lunch?

Tips for Building Your Own Sentences

Once you've got these 30 under your belt, you can start swapping out pieces. Change the noun, change the verb, and you've got a new sentence. For example, "電車で来ました" (I came by train) becomes "バスで来ました" (I came by bus) just by swapping でんしゃ for バス. Japanese is modular like that. The particles stay the same; the content words change. Also, don't stress about being perfectly polite at first. Dropping the ます form and using plain form is totally normal between friends. But for strangers, shops, and anyone you just met, stick with ます and です. That politeness level will keep you out of awkward situations while you're still learning.

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